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Gesture
General proportions of the body
Structure
Overview of the bones of the body
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A - Frontal Bone B - Parietal Bone C - Zygomatic bone D - Maxilla E - Mandible F - Clavicle G - Scapula H - Sternum I - Humerus J - Rib cage K - Spine L - Ulna M - Sacrum N - Radius O - Illium P - Carpals Q - Metacarpals R - Ischium S - Phalanges T - Pubic Bone U - Femur V - Patella W - Tibia X - Fibula Y - Tarsals |
Landmarks of the Skeleton
Below are images from Robert Osti's book " Basic Human Anatomy."
Skeletal Landmarks
Overview of the muscles of the body
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A - Frontalis B - Orbicularis Oculi C - Orbiuclaris Oris D - Sternocleidomastoid E - Sternocleidomastoid F - Trapezius G - Deltoid H - Pectoralis Major I - Serratus Anterior J - Triceps Brachii K - Rectus Abdominus L - Latissimus Dorsi M - Biceps Brachii N - Abdominal External Oblique O - Brachialis P - Brachioradialis Q - Abdominal External Oblique R - Flexor Carpi Radialis S - Tensor Fascia Lata T - Sartorius U - Rectus Femoris V - Vastus Lateralis W - Vastus Medialis X - Gasrtocnemius Y - Tibialis Anterior Z - Soleus |
Below is full body ecorche by Vladislav Laryushi
Torso
J - Trapezius - Ins Points - Spine, Scapula, Skull: tilts the scapula, helping to life the arm
K - Deltoid - Ins. Points - Scapula, Clavicle, humerus: rotates the arm L - Infraspinatus - Ins Points - Scapula, Humerus- rotates the arm M - Teres Minor - Ins Points - Scapula, Humerus- lowers and rotates the arm N - Teres Major - Ins Points - Scapula, Humerus- lowers and rotates the arm O - Latissimus Dorsi - Ins Point - Pelvis, Spine, Humerus: lowers and rotates the arm P - Obliques - Ins Point - Pelvis, Rib cage: bends and rotates the torso Q - Gluteus Medius - Ins Points - Pelvis, Femur: abducts the thigh R - Gluteus Maximus - Ins Points - Pelvis, Femur extending the thigh |
A - Sternocleidomastoid - Ins. Points - Sternum, Clavice, Skull: tilts and rotates the head B - Trapezius - Ins. Points - Spine, Scapula, Skull: tilts the scapula, helping to lift the arm C- Platysma - covers the muscles of the neck D - Deltoid - Ins. Points - Scapula, Clavicle, humerus: rotates the arm E - Pectoralis Major - Ins. Points - Rib Cage, Clavicle, Humerus: lowers and adducts the arm F - Serratus Anterior - Ins Points - Scapula, Rib cage: tilts the scapula, helping to lift the arm G - Obliques - Ins Points - Pelvis, Rib cage: bends and rotating the torso H - Rectus Sheath - covers the muscles of the abdomen I - Rectus Abdominus - Ins Points - Pelvis, Rib cage: flexes the torso 
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Legs
E, G, & H - Quadriceps- Begin at the Illium and femur and all connect at the tendon around the patella, and then insert at the tibia
J & K - Hamstrings - Begin at the pelvis and insert the tibia (semitendinosus) and fibula (bicep femoris) |
A - Gluteus Maximus - ins. pelvis, femur - extending the thigh,
B - Gluteus Medias - ins. pelvis, femur - abducting the thigh C - Tensor Fascia Latae - ins. pelvis, tibia - flexing the thigh D - Sartorius - ins. pelvis, tibia - flexing and rotating the thigh and leg E - Rectus Femoris - extending the lower leg (quadricep) F - Fascia Lata - Helps to steady and stabilize knee and hip joints G - Vastus Medialis - extending the lower leg (quadricep) H - Vastus Lateralis - extending the lower leg (quadricep) Not Pictured - Vastus Intermedius - extending the lower leg (quadricep) I - Gracilis - ins. pelvis, tibia - adducting the thigh J - Biceps Femoris - flexing the lower leg (hamstring) K - Semitendinosus - flexing the lower leg (hamstring) L - Gastrocnemius - ins. femur, heel - extending the foot M - Soleus - ins. tibia, fibula - extending the foot N - Anterior Tibialis - ins. Tibia, 1st metatarsal - flexing the foot |
fEET
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A - Astragalus / Talus
B - Calcaneus (Heel) C - Navicular D - 1st Cuneiform E - 2nd Cuneiform F - 3rd Cuneiform G - Phalanges H - 1st Metatarsal |
I - Cuboid
J - Distal Phalanx of the big toe K - Proximal Phalanx of the big toe L - 1st Metatarsal M - Metatarsal Bones N - Tibia O - Fibula |
Arms
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A - Deltoid - ins. scapula, clavicle, humerus - rotating the arm
B - Triceps - ins- scapula, humerus, ulna - extending the forearm C - Brachialis - ins. humerus, ulna - flexing the forearm D - Bicep - ins. scapula, radius - flexing the forearm E - Brachioradialis - ins. humerus, radius - flexing the forearm F - Extensors - extending the hands and fingers |
Hands
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A - Transverse Ligament fastening tendons together
B - Interosseus dorsalis muscle C- Extensor digiti 5th propius muscle D - Abductor digiti 5th muscle E - Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle F - Extensor digitorum communis muscle G - Dorsal retinacular transverse carpal ligament H - Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle |
I - Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
J - Extensor digiti 1st longus and brevis muscles K - Interosseus dorsalis 2nd muscle L - Adductor digiti 1st muscle (transverse) M - Adductor digiti 1st muscle (oblique) N - Flexor digiti 1st brevis muscle O - Abductor digiti 1st brevis muscle P - Abductor digiti 1st longus muscle Q - Flexor carpi radialis muscle |
R - Transverse carpal ligament
S - Tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle T - Abductor digiti 5th muscle U - Flexor digiti 5th muscle V - Opponens digiti 5th muscle W - Lumbricalis muscles X - Tendons of the superficial and deep digital flexors |
The gallery below is composed of different views of the anatomical structure of the hand from Burne Hogarth's book Drawing Dynamic Hands.
Body Fat
the head
Structure
Below is a structural drawing illustrating relationships of the facial and skeletal features from artist and instructor Efrain Malo. More of their work can be found @maloart on Instagram.
Skull and muscles of the head
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A - Frontal
B - Parietal C - Temporal D - Occipital E - Nasal F - Zygomatic G - Maxillary H - Mandible |
I - Mental Protuberance
J - Zygomatic Arch K - Frontalis L - Temporalis M - Orbicularis Oculi N - Levator Labii Superioris Muscles O - Masseter |
P - Occipitalis
Q - Lateralis Nasi R - Zygomaticus S - Orbicularis Oris T - Mentalis U - Buccinator V - Risorius |
Directly above is a labelled ecorche of the head and neck by Rodrigo Avila and above that is a composite image of an ecorche of the head by Rodrigo Avila next to a human skull for comparison.
Other Anatomical features of the skull
Below is an image of the anterior and lateral views of a skull. If projected they can be used to practice placement of muscles and features.
Portraiture
Below are a series of structural renderings of different portraits.
Below are a series of images created by Simon Green that illustrate the anatomical structures that comprise the portrait.
Template Lateral View
Template Anterior View
Portrait Samples
Comparative anatomy
deer
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A - C7 Vertebrae
B - Scaplula C - Sternum D - Humerus E - Radius F - Ulna G - Pelvis |
H - Femur
I - Patella J - Tibia K - Calcaneus L - Tarsals M - Phalanges |
Below is a deer ecorche by Vladmira Strukanova.
Hyena
The following images of hyena anatomy can be found in in Terryl Whitlatch's book The Science of Creature Design.
Werewolves
Leg and foot comparisons
From left to right - Skeletal structure of the human leg, and then as seen with the anatomical structure of a canine, horse, and bird.
Above are the pelvis and bones of the lower limbs of (from left to right): a horse, lion, house cat, chimpanzee, and human.
Below are the labelled foot bones of a horse, pig, dog, and human.
Below are the labelled foot bones of a horse, pig, dog, and human.
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A - Tarsal Bones
B - Metatarsal Bones B1 - 3rd metatarsal bone B1 - Splinter bones, 2nd and 4th metatarsal |
C - Proximal phalanx
D - Middle phalanx E - Distal phalanx (nail bone) |
Arm and hand comparisons
Owls
The images below are by Katrina Van Grouw and can be found in their book The Unfeathered Bird.
Master Copy Drawings
Master Copy Sculptures
The Ecorche, The Momento Mori, and the Danse Macabre
Skeletons and skulls
Study Sheets
