General Terms
Ecorche- French for "flayed". A drawing, painting, or sculpture of a body with no skin so as to show the musculature
General proportions of the body
Structure
Skeleton
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A - Frontal Bone B - Parietal Bone C - Zygomatic bone D - Maxilla E - Mandible F - Clavicle G - Scapula H - Sternum I - Humerus J - Rib cage K - Spine L - Ulna M - Sacrum N - Radius O - Illium P - Carpals Q - Metacarpals R - Ischium S - Phalanges T - Pubic Bone U - Femur V - Patella W - Tibia X - Fibula Y - Tarsals |
Landmarks of the Skeleton
Below are images from Robert Osti's book " Basic Human Anatomy."
Muscles
overview
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A - Frontalis B - Orbicularis Oculi C - Orbiuclaris Oris D - Sternocleidomastoid E - Sternocleidomastoid F - Trapezius G - Deltoid H - Pectoralis Major I - Serratus Anterior J - Triceps Brachii K - Rectus Abdominus L - Latissimus Dorsi M - Biceps Brachii N - Abdominal External Oblique O - Brachialis P - Brachioradialis Q - Abdominal External Oblique R - Flexor Carpi Radialis S - Tensor Fascia Lata T - Sartorius U - Rectus Femoris V - Vastus Lateralis W - Vastus Medialis X - Gasrtocnemius Y - Tibialis Anterior Z - Soleus |
Below is full body ecorche by Vladislav Laryushi
Torso
J - Trapezius - tilting the scapula, helping to life the arm
K - Deltoid - rotating the arm L - Infraspinatus - rotating the arm M - Teres Minor - lowering and rotating the arm N - Teres Major - lowering and rotating the arm O - Latissimus Dorsi - lowering and rotating the arm P - Abdominal External Oblique - bending and rotating the torso Q - Gluteus Medius - abducting the thigh R - Gluteus Maximus - extending the thigh |
A - Sternocleidomastoid - tilting and rotating the head B - Trapezius - tilting the scapula, helping to life the arm C- Platysma - covers the muscles of the neck D - Deltoid - rotating the arm E - Pectoralis Major - lowering and adducting the arm F - Serratus Anterior - tilting the scapula, helping to lift the arm G - Abdominal External Oblique - bending and rotating the torso H - Rectus Sheath - covers the muscles of the abdomen I - Rectus Abdominus - flexing the torso 
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Legs
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A - Gluteus Maximus - extending the thigh
B - Gluteus Medialis - abducting the thigh C - Tensor Fascia Latae - flexing the thigh D - Sartorius - flexing and rotating the thigh and leg E - Rectus Femoris - flexing the thigh, extending the leg (quadricep) F - Fascia Lata - Helps to steady and stabilize knee and hip joints G - Vastus Medialis - flexing the thigh, extending the leg (quadricep) H - Vastus Lateralis - flexing the thigh, extending the leg (quadricep) I - Gracilis - adducting the thigh J - Biceps Femoris - flexing the leg (hamstring) K - Semitendinosus - flexing the leg (hamstring) L - Gastrocnemius - extending the foot M - Soleus - extending the foot N - Anterior Tibialis - flexing the foot |
fEET
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A - Astragalus
B - Calcaneus (Heel) C - Scaphoid D - 1st Cuneiform E - 2nd Cuneiform F - 3rd Cuneiform G - Phalanges H - 1st Metatarsal |
I - Cuboid
J - Distal Phalanx of the big toe K - Proximal Phalanx of the big toe L - 1st Metatarsal M - Metatarsal Bones N - Tibia O - Fibula |
Arms
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A - Deltoid - rotating the arm B - Triceps - extending the forearm C - Brachialis - flexing the forearm D - Bicep - flexing the forearm E - Brachioradialis - flexing the forearm F - Extensors - extending the hands and fingers |
Hands
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A - Transverse Ligament fastening tendons together
B - Interosseus dorsalis muscle C- Extensor digiti 5th propius muscle D - Abductor digiti 5th muscle E - Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle F - Extensor digitorum communis muscle G - Dorsal retinacular transverse carpal ligament H - Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle |
I - Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
J - Extensor digiti 1st longus and brevis muscles K - Interosseus dorsalis 2nd muscle L - Adductor digiti 1st muscle (transverse) M - Adductor digiti 1st muscle (oblique) N - Flexor digiti 1st brevis muscle O - Abductor digiti 1st brevis muscle P - Abductor digiti 1st longus muscle Q - Flexor carpi radialis muscle |
R - Transverse carpal ligament
S - Tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle T - Abductor digiti 5th muscle U - Flexor digiti 5th muscle V - Opponens digiti 5th muscle W - Lumbricalis muscles X - Tendons of the superficial and deep digital flexors |
General Proportions of the head
Profile View
Frontal View
Skull and muscles of the head
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A - Frontal
B - Parietal C - Temporal D - Occipital E - Nasal F - Zygomatic G - Maxillary H - Mandible |
I - Mental Protuberance
J - Zygomatic Arch K - Frontalis L - Temporalis M - Orbicularis Oculi N - Levator Labii Superioris Muscles O - Masseter |
P - Occipitalis
Q - Lateralis Nasi R - Zygomaticus S - Orbicularis Oris T - Mentalis U - Buccinator V - Risorius |
Above is a labelled ecorche of the head and neck by Rodrigo Avila.
Below is a composite image of an ecorche of the head by Rodrigo Avila next to a human skull for comparison.
Below is a composite image of an ecorche of the head by Rodrigo Avila next to a human skull for comparison.
Below are some structural drawings of a skull by An Jay Hyun followed by a gallery of more structural approaches to the human head.
Master Copy Studies
Master Copy Sculptures
The Ecorche and the Danse Macabre
